However, what emerging markets do apparently face and some argue that they share this problem with advanced economies is a slowdown in trend growth apparently related to a deceleration in the pace of technological advance and the ability to implement it. 但是,与技术进步速度减慢以及技术应用能力下降明显相关的趋势增长放缓,似乎确实是新兴市场面对的问题(有些人认为这是他们与发达经济体共有的)。
It is true that trend growth tends to slow the more that countries approach the technology frontier and their expansions decelerate to match that of the rich economies. 没错,当一国更加接近技术边界、其经济减速从而与富裕经济体步调一致时,趋势增长就会放缓。
It said: The downgrade reflects our opinion that the Netherlands 'growth prospects are now weaker than we had previously anticipated, and the real GDP per capita trend growth rate is persistently lower than that of peers. 标准普尔说道:荷兰信用等级下调反映了我们的观点,即荷兰的经济增长幅度低于我们之前的预期,而人均GDP的趋势增长率也一直低于其他国家。
Until 2011, mainstream economic forecasters ( such as the International Monetary Fund, for example) believed that the trend growth rate in China would remain in the 9-10 per cent region for as far ahead as the eye could see. 直到2011年,主流经济预测者(比如国际货币基金组织(IMF))始终认为,中国趋势增长率在可见时期内都会保持在9%到10%的区间。
It is even quite likely that the trend growth of the world economy is considerably slower than was hoped a few years ago. 甚至可能出现这种情况:全球经济的趋势增长率远低于人们几年前所希望的水平。
This means its long-term prospects remain strong, although its trend growth rate will inevitably slow as its economy matures and its labour force starts to shrink. 这意味着,它的长远前景依然强劲,尽管从长期趋势来看,随着经济逐渐成熟,并且其劳动力开始萎缩,增长速度将不可避免地缓慢。
Long run trend growth has fallen from above 3 per cent to about 2 per cent. 长期趋势增长率已从3%以上降至约2%。
Yet the decline in trend growth was far less than in Japan and investment returns do not appear to have fallen significantly. 但趋势增长率的下滑,远不如日本严重,投资回报也似乎并未大幅降低。
The manufacturing order to inventory ratio continued to stay at about the highest level since April 2008, suggesting that, with further steady recovery in final demand conditions, solid sequential trend growth in the manufacturing sector will continue in the coming months, she said. 生产订单与存货之比继续在2008年4月以来的最高水平附近徘徊,预示在未来数月内,随着最终需求继续稳步复苏,制造业将继续保持强劲的环比增长趋势。
A combination of lower trend growth and higher volatility means more frequent recessions. 一个低增长和更高的波动趋势相结合的方法更频繁的衰退。
Over the past decade, the trend growth rate has increased as a result of heavy investment and faster improvements in productivity. 在过去的十年,中国经济增长率上升是大量投资和生产率不断提高的结果。
Mounting government debt burdens, reduced productivity associated with state control and a gradual rebalancing of balance sheets all point to a weak trend growth path for advanced economies, but short and vicious inventory-led business cycles are still likely. 政府债务负担的日益上升、国家管控造成的产能下降以及资产负债表的逐步调整,都表明发达经济体的增长态势将较为疲弱,但仍有可能出现库存驱动、短暂而猛烈的商业周期。
He warns that lower trend growth rates are likely because basic risk management tells companies to invest less in the presence of uncertainty, so the economy's capital stock grows more slowly. 他警告称,根据风险管理的基本原理,面对不确定性,企业会减少投资,这将导致经济中的资本存量增长放缓。因此,趋势增长率有可能下降。
Moreover, uncertainty about trend growth in productivity and potential output make it harder for the Federal Reserve to judge how sharply it needs to slow the US economy to bring down inflation. 此外,生产率及潜在产出趋势增长率方面的不确定性,使美联储(federalreserve)更难于判断需要以多大力度为美国经济减速,以降低通货膨胀率。
Most observers are adamant that there has been no change in the trend growth rate. 多数观察人士坚持认为,美国经济的趋势增长率没有任何变化。
The global economy has been reflating over the last year, characterised by below trend growth, falling inflation and easy money. 过去一年里,全球经济一直处于通货再膨胀状态,其特点是增长低于趋势水平、通胀不断下降和货币放松。
In Europe, the trend growth in productivity is very weak despite a better 2006. 在欧洲,尽管2006年情况较好,生产率的趋势增长仍相当疲弱。
The reason is the tried and tested policy and practice of limiting spending increases to within the trend growth rate of GDP over time. 这全赖我们采用久经考验的政策和做法,就是在一段期间内,政府开支增长不得超逾本地生产总值趋势增长。
As for the other Brics, whose trend growth rate is slower than China's, they are unlikely to have a noticeable impact on global demand for some time. 至于金砖四国的另外三个成员,它们的趋势增长率低于中国,不太可能在近期内对全球需求产生显著影响。
What if a slowdown in trend growth exacerbates the fiscal problems that most countries are already going to face as their populations age? 如果趋势增长放缓,使多数国家即将面临的财政问题(随着其人口老化)进一步恶化,会出现什么情况呢?
If there were no offsetting macroeconomic policy changes, the demand decline could be multiplied further to as much as 6 per cent, relative to 4 per cent trend growth, meaning a global decline of about 2 per cent. 如果没有抵偿性的宏观经济政策调整,那么需求下降可能会再翻一倍,达到约6%&与4%的趋势增长率相比,这意味着全球经济将衰退约2%。
UK corporate performance has so far been able to absorb the steady increases in interest rates and the Bank of England have forecast above trend growth for the UK economy in the first quarter. 英国企业的强劲表现到目前为止能吸收温定加息带来的影响,而英国央行预测第一季的增长会加速。
But if corporates can deliver productivity gains of 3 per cent or more, the trend growth rate will also remain close to 3 per cent. 但如果企业可以实现3%或更高的生产率增长,那么潜在增长率也会维持在3%附近。
Another view of declining trend growth is the decline in nominal GDP. 另一种观点是下降的趋势增长的名义国内生产总值下降。
Another senior executive, who heads a foreign bank in Taiwan, strikes a more balanced note, saying Taiwan will "need better investment opportunities to get back to its historical trend growth". 另一位掌管台湾某外资银行的资深高管则发表了更为平和的看法,他表示台湾“需要更好的投资机遇,才能回归其历史趋势增长率”。
In the essay M.ruber was considered as tool of production, in order to improving the productivity of Monacolin K and researching the trend growth of microorganism which close with nutrition. 本文以红曲霉为生产菌株,以提高monacolink产量以及红曲霉生长过程中的趋向性为主要研究目标。
Three experiments testified that nutrition was also essential condition of the trend growth of microorganism. 通过三组验证实验确定营养物也是红曲霉趋向性生长的必要条件。